Inital commit for refactoring to lightning

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diff --git a/text_recognizer/networks/vqvae/vector_quantizer.py b/text_recognizer/networks/vqvae/vector_quantizer.py
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+++ b/text_recognizer/networks/vqvae/vector_quantizer.py
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+"""Implementation of a Vector Quantized Variational AutoEncoder.
+
+Reference:
+https://github.com/AntixK/PyTorch-VAE/blob/master/models/vq_vae.py
+
+"""
+
+from einops import rearrange
+import torch
+from torch import nn
+from torch import Tensor
+from torch.nn import functional as F
+
+
+class VectorQuantizer(nn.Module):
+    """The codebook that contains quantized vectors."""
+
+    def __init__(
+        self, num_embeddings: int, embedding_dim: int, beta: float = 0.25
+    ) -> None:
+        super().__init__()
+        self.K = num_embeddings
+        self.D = embedding_dim
+        self.beta = beta
+
+        self.embedding = nn.Embedding(self.K, self.D)
+
+        # Initialize the codebook.
+        nn.init.uniform_(self.embedding.weight, -1 / self.K, 1 / self.K)
+
+    def discretization_bottleneck(self, latent: Tensor) -> Tensor:
+        """Computes the code nearest to the latent representation.
+
+        First we compute the posterior categorical distribution, and then map
+        the latent representation to the nearest element of the embedding.
+
+        Args:
+            latent (Tensor): The latent representation.
+
+        Shape:
+            - latent :math:`(B x H x W, D)`
+
+        Returns:
+            Tensor: The quantized embedding vector.
+
+        """
+        # Store latent shape.
+        b, h, w, d = latent.shape
+
+        # Flatten the latent representation to 2D.
+        latent = rearrange(latent, "b h w d -> (b h w) d")
+
+        # Compute the L2 distance between the latents and the embeddings.
+        l2_distance = (
+            torch.sum(latent ** 2, dim=1, keepdim=True)
+            + torch.sum(self.embedding.weight ** 2, dim=1)
+            - 2 * latent @ self.embedding.weight.t()
+        )  # [BHW x K]
+
+        # Find the embedding k nearest to each latent.
+        encoding_indices = torch.argmin(l2_distance, dim=1).unsqueeze(1)  # [BHW, 1]
+
+        # Convert to one-hot encodings, aka discrete bottleneck.
+        one_hot_encoding = torch.zeros(
+            encoding_indices.shape[0], self.K, device=latent.device
+        )
+        one_hot_encoding.scatter_(1, encoding_indices, 1)  # [BHW x K]
+
+        # Embedding quantization.
+        quantized_latent = one_hot_encoding @ self.embedding.weight  # [BHW, D]
+        quantized_latent = rearrange(
+            quantized_latent, "(b h w) d -> b h w d", b=b, h=h, w=w
+        )
+
+        return quantized_latent
+
+    def vq_loss(self, latent: Tensor, quantized_latent: Tensor) -> Tensor:
+        """Vector Quantization loss.
+
+        The vector quantization algorithm allows us to create a codebook. The VQ
+        algorithm works by moving the embedding vectors towards the encoder outputs.
+
+        The embedding loss moves the embedding vector towards the encoder outputs. The
+        .detach() works as the stop gradient (sg) described in the paper.
+
+        Because the volume of the embedding space is dimensionless, it can arbitarily
+        grow if the embeddings are not trained as fast as the encoder parameters. To
+        mitigate this, a commitment loss is added in the second term which makes sure
+        that the encoder commits to an embedding and that its output does not grow.
+
+        Args:
+            latent (Tensor): The encoder output.
+            quantized_latent (Tensor): The quantized latent.
+
+        Returns:
+            Tensor: The combinded VQ loss.
+
+        """
+        embedding_loss = F.mse_loss(quantized_latent, latent.detach())
+        commitment_loss = F.mse_loss(quantized_latent.detach(), latent)
+        return embedding_loss + self.beta * commitment_loss
+
+    def forward(self, latent: Tensor) -> Tensor:
+        """Forward pass that returns the quantized vector and the vq loss."""
+        # Rearrange latent representation s.t. the hidden dim is at the end.
+        latent = rearrange(latent, "b d h w -> b h w d")
+
+        # Maps latent to the nearest code in the codebook.
+        quantized_latent = self.discretization_bottleneck(latent)
+
+        loss = self.vq_loss(latent, quantized_latent)
+
+        # Add residue to the quantized latent.
+        quantized_latent = latent + (quantized_latent - latent).detach()
+
+        # Rearrange the quantized shape back to the original shape.
+        quantized_latent = rearrange(quantized_latent, "b h w d -> b d h w")
+
+        return quantized_latent, loss